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Count Olympe-Clemente-Alexandre-Auguste Aguado de las Marismas (3 February 1827 – 25 October 1894) was a Franco-Spanish photographer and socialite, active primarily in the 1850s and 1860s. One of several early photographers who learned the practice from Gustave Le Gray, Aguado pioneered a number of photographic processes, including carte de visite photographs and photographic enlargement processes.〔 He was also a founding member of the influential French Photographic Society in 1854.〔 ==Life== Aguado was born in Paris in 1827, the second son of the Spanish-born Marquis Alexandre Aguado (1784–1842) and Maria de Carmen Vidoire Moreno. Alexandre Aguado had been a supporter of Joseph Bonaparte during the Peninsular War (1808-1814). Following the war, he went into exile in Paris, and rose to become one of the wealthiest bankers in France. In the 1820s and 1830s, he negotiated a series of loans that saved Spain from bankruptcy, and King Ferdinand VII of Spain conferred on him the title of "Marquis de las Marismas del Guadalquivir" (Marquis of the Guadalquivir Marshes).〔Hugh Chisholm (ed.), "(Alexandre Marie Aguado )," ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', Vol. 1, 11th ed. (1910-11), p. 427.〕 Upon his death, his sons, including Olympe, inherited a considerable fortune.〔 In the late 1840s, Aguado learned photography from pioneering French photographer Gustave Le Gray. From his studio on the Place Vendôme, he initially worked with daguerreotypes, but by the early 1850s, was already experimenting with other photographic processes, namely with negative paper and collodion on glass.〔 In 1854, he and Edouard Delessert developed the carte-de-visite printing method as a way to add portraits to visiting cards (the process was patented by Eugène Disderi later that year).〔 Later in the decade, he experimented with enlargement processes.〔 Like Le Gray, Aguado taught photography to a number of his friends, among them Camille Silvy.〔''(Masterpieces of the J. Paul Getty Museum )'', 1999, p. 40.〕〔Mark Haworth-Booth, ''(Photographer of Modern Life: Camille Silvy )'' (London: National Portrait Gallery, 2010), p. 22.〕 Aguado was a member of the early French photographic organization, the Société héliographique, in the early 1850s.〔Helmut Gernsheim, ''The History of Photography from the Camera Obscura to the Beginning of the Modern Era'' (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969), pp. 191, 293.〕 In 1854, he was a founding member the Société héliographique's more inclusive successor, the French Photographic Society (Société française de photographie).〔 This organization would prove influential in subsequent decades in the development and promotion of photography in France. Aguado frequently served as a judge for the Society's exhibitions during the 1850s and 1860s. Aguado was a frequent figure at the court of Emperor Napoleon III,〔Imbert de Saint-Amand, ''(The Court of the Second Empire )'' (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1898), p. 132.〕〔Comte Fleury, ''(Memoirs of the Empress Eugénie )'' (London: D. Appleton and Company, 1920), p. 358.〕 and photographed both the emperor and his wife, Eugénie.〔(Emperor Napoleon III photograph ), Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved: 21 February 2012.〕〔(Empress Eugénie photograph ), Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved: 21 February 2012.〕 Aguado's photographs during this period included a number of staged portraits that poked fun at the mores and habits of Second Empire nobility.〔 By the end of the 1860s, Aguado had largely lost interest in photography, and produced few photographs in subsequent decades.〔 He died in Compeigne in 1894.〔 Olympe's younger brother, Onésipe (1830–1893), was also a photographer, and the two collaborated on a number of projects.〔 A nephew of Olympe Aguado, Henry Tenre, was a noted early-20th-century painter.〔"Filiation du peintre Henry Tenre," ''L'Interimédiaire des chercheurs et curieux'', 2002, p. 745. (Snippet view in Google Books search ): "This genre painter (1864-1926) is quoted in an announcement of death, as grandnephew of Count Olympe Aguado, who died in 1894."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Olympe Aguado」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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